Imaginative creative activity complete - 2414 Words

Imaginative creative activity Write what the purpose of an imaginative creative activity is. What is imagination? What is an imaginative activity? What is the purpose of an imaginative activity? Why are imaginative activities important? Why would people take part in imaginative activities? Who would participate in imaginative creative activities? Give clear examples of how they can take part (give an example of an activity) and explain why they are suitable and why service users will benefit from taking part in the activities. E.G children, adults, older service users. Imagination is preforming new ideas, images or concepts of objects that are not already present to the senses Creative activity Painting†¦show more content†¦Good for fighting against conditions such as Alzheimer’s, because it makes their memory stronger. Memory loss - Painting will boosts imagination so they think more widely and outside the box. Also strengthens the memory and expresses the brain to explore and will encourage them to be more imaginative. Will be happier that they remember things, making them more confident. Hearing impairment- Will get them more deep-thinking about things and they will have a good strong concentration. Feel joyful with people reactions and joyful when doing their painting. This will help them gain self-esteem. And they will be thoroughly emitted to painting. And they will think of it as their hobby so they are not bored and feel alone. lack of mobility sensory- This can It help focus energy so you are mentally stable. Introducing your body into a calmer, more focussed state of awareness, also healthy for the brain because it helps them express their feeling through a painting piece. It will help them be Less anxious, relaxed and not self-conscious. Impairment- Will boost self-confidence. Painting makes us more human, This way they will be more confident because they will feel like they don’t have nothing wrong with them. They learn to communicate in different ways, will benefit people with lack of communication or people that are shy and have autism or other disabilities. Photography Photography is capturing a moment and fulfilling a lifetime of memories. It’s about capturing them once inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cypop 7 Childrens and Young Peoples S Workforce Level 3830 Words   |  4 PagesPromote creativity and creative learning in young Children CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the children and young people’s workforce – Jacqueline Monks Analyse the differences between creative learning and creativity. Creative learning is about how children are actively involved in their own learning, where they are given the opportunity to make choices and decisions which develops their problem solving skills and imaginative thinking.   It can be achieved through providing a creative environment allowingRead MoreVisit 3 Child Development Essay1015 Words   |  5 Pagesprogressed to level 2. Shortly after we began, he started to loose concentration and wanted to go downstairs to watch TV, I reminded him that we still had to complete the picture - but I was forced to abide to his request of a short break after it became clear that he was deliberately rushing. Eventually we did complete the story, but due to his poor linguistic skills, Zack did not enjoy reading. Although it must noted that he did demonstrate magnificent imaginary skills andRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Haroun And The Sea Of Stories1232 Words   |  5 PagesHaroun takes a while to adjust to the more creative ideals that are ordinary to the Gups. The first Gup Haroun meets, Iff the Water Genie, has to teach Haroun the major ideals of Gup culture, like the accepting attitude towards creative and imaginative thinking. In looking for a mode of transport to reach Kahani, a puzzled Haroun points out that â€Å"The only bird around here is a wooden peacock†, to which that would be perfectly accurate in a less imaginative society like Alfibay. Iff points out â€Å"A personRead MoreWorries About Child Development with the Influence of Technology819 Words   |  4 Pagesby Linda A. Jackson (lead investigator) and Research: Video games help with creativity in boys and girls, by Mike Snider, discuss the ground breaking discoveries made by the MSU project about the existence of a positive causal re lationship between creative thinking and playing video games. However, where the research article develops accountability and credibility with in-depth analysis of the study’s methods. The popular press article gives vague explanation of the study itself and instead appealsRead MoreLesson Plan For Grade K 5, Language Arts951 Words   |  4 Pageshand, students are broadening their learning by being more creative, imaginative, and further engaging their cognitive thinking as opposed to being restricted to writing with paper and pencil. Statistics show that students that interact with tablets and computers score higher on tests and overall perform better in the classroom. Therefor, teachers should do what they can comprehend how these technological devices work and find fun, creative, lessons for students. The main purpose of this lesson isRead MoreDevelopment of a Childs Imagination2322 Words   |  10 Pagescultural activities in a Montessori prepared environment aid in the development†¦. The ability to imagine is a unique human experience and deserves to be nurtured and encouraged. Dr. Maria Montessori believed that the development of the child’s imagination and creativity are inborn powers within the child that develops as his mental capacities are established through his interaction with the environment. The cultural activities in a Montessori prepared environment helps to foster imaginative skillsRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti )1053 Words   |  5 Pagesable to understand and find the deeper connections and interactions and the significant meaning of things, seek patterns, trust their insight, and being more imaginative (16Personalities, 2016). ENFP use their feeling over their thinking side which means they connect with others on an emotional level and understanding, engage in activities that involves empathy, and make decisions that are harmonic for everyone involved, and tries to make the most of the situation within a positive way. (16Pers onalitiesRead MoreThe Mission Of Southwest Airlines Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagers at aggressive costs to give the best protection respect to shoppers. Similarities, differences and influence on the organization An organization vision describes shows the unavoidable future of the association, what the team tries to complete in the close or far off future. Furthermore, it is used to think of the mission explanation. The mission statement describes shows the group s desire to do something, and a reason for doing something now, what the association remains for and whatRead MoreThe Power Of Creative Visualization987 Words   |  4 PagesPower of Creative Visualization By Awnish Todi | Submitted On March 01, 2016 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Awnish Todi Creative visualization is the process of generating visual mentalRead MoreBenefits of Art Education1235 Words   |  5 PagesArts Education Initiative Fact Sheet About the Benefits of Arts Education for Children Benefits of Arts Education Source: Americans for the Arts, 2002 * Stimulates and develops the imagination and critical thinking, and refines cognitive and creative skills. * Has a tremendous impact on the developmental growth of every child and has proven to help level the learning field across socio-economic boundaries. * Strengthens problem-solving and critical-thinking skills, adding to overall

Process Of Globalization Has Led To Changes In Crime Free Essays

The globalization of crime has become a renowned problem for the law worldwide; as societies become more interconnected, an act in one country can have repercussions in another which is across another continent. This is primarily down to technological developments, as nowadays communication between countries is simple compared to decades ago. Alongside this transport is also a major problem, as it means that illegal activities can take place in more than one country as goods are transferred between the two, allowing the criminal world to reach all corners of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Of Globalization Has Led To Changes In Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now The idea that globalization has produced new opportunities for crime is supported by Held et al (1999), who suggest that it has also led to new means of committing crime as well as there being new offences to commit. On the surface we may deem this to be due to knowledge of certain crimes and processes being shared between associates in each country, introducing the new ways and means to try and gain the upper hand on the out of touch police, however we must look at the situation in more business like terms: supply and demand. Held et al found that the western civilizations generally had more demand for certain aspects of crime, such as drugs and illegal sexual encounters. Not being able to produce enough within their own civilizations, other parts of the world (notably South America for drugs) come into play. Due to them having the raw materials, whether it be drug ingredients or ability to kidnap etc. they are able to supply the west with the products they need, thus building greater connections between the continents worldwide. Globalization has not only had an effect of physical crime, but also a substantial impact on cybercrimes. As we have become ever more reliant on computer based technology in our lives, computer hackers are continuously given new opportunities to hack servers and reek havoc with our lives through activities such as hacking a bank account, or even as extreme as invading secret service servers to gain information causing a national risk. As technology is used worldwide, it is in no way hard to get your hands on, or learn how to use computers etc. One of the most significant problems with cybercrime is it’s secretive nature; many protection devices which can be cracked will not pick up that they have been, therefore the majority of cybercrime will go unnoticed for a substantial amount of time. Combined with the world wide web, hackers can use the computers to gain information from any organisation around the world, penetrating even the most impenetrable organisations to get what they want, highlighting how technology has led to the process of globalization within the criminal world. Looking away from technology, globalization has also been affected by human nature, as they explore the world and discover new things. Ever since the slave trade, human trafficking has been a highly significant problem, as people are transported across continents for other peoples’ benefit. Nowadays, the purposes of these people may have changed from the days of agriculture and manual labour into more modern work such as prostitution and organ removal, but the methodology behind it is still similar. This highlights that the process of globalization is not something that is new, but that instead some aspects of it were created centuries ago. Some people may argue that the increased connections between countries has helped prevent or limit crimes committed compared to if there was no globalization. War crimes such as genocide and nuclear alms amongst others are dealt with by organisations such as the United Nations and NATO, where after and event is known to have occurred/be occurring they will convene and attempt to prevent any further crimes being committed. This is evident in the NATO strikes on Syria in 2012, where they used force in an attempt to stop Dictator Muammar Gaddafi’s tyrannical reign affecting more people. Sociologists dispute whether this in fact is the case as one of the most significant reasons for the interconnectedness of crime between societies can be put down to each individual police force having different standards. Without any universal guidelines, they are each able to focus on certain aspects and neglect others. Alongside this, stereotypes highlight how some police officers, and even forces, are corrupted by organised crime gangs and therefore allow the criminal activity to take place, which in turn allows for more crime to be committed. This is evident in activities such as drug trafficking, where in the Middle East and South America criminals are able to bribe police to allow shipments and containers to travel abroad. Taylor (1997), a socialist, looked at the impact of global capitalism on crime. He stated that it allows multinational corporations to move from country to country in search for profitability, regardless of the expense. This is reinforced by the fact many companies outsource their factories and products to be created in LEDC’s such as India and Bangladesh, using the workforce for cheap labour, reducing the costs of the goods. Vastly debated whether or not it is officially criminal, it still highlights how a multinational company can abuse individuals via globalization. Globalization’s impact on the media has also had a knock-on effect on corporate crime in terms of capitalism. As the media becomes accessible worldwide, the consumerist lifestyle is continuously portrayed to people to make them desire more, something which Taylor dislikes. Not only does this keep the corporate crimes reaping the rewards and collecting more profit, but it also leads to them losing substantial amounts every year through stealing and shoplifting. Estimated to be at a cost of  £4. 4 billion in UK stores alone, the personal desire for products which a person can not afford leads them to take such risks to gain what they want. With this, global capitalism essentially leads to global crime in terms of theft. Hobbs and Dunningham observed two key patterns within the globalisation of crime, the first being the ‘Glocal Organization’. This refers to the fact that whilst crime often operates internationally, they are also still rooted in a local context. It operates as a ‘ghlocal’ system, where it is locally based but has international connections. This in turn also means that more crime would be committed on a whole, as there would be opportunities for international associates to engage in crime also. McMafia is the second pattern they observed in organised crime. Glenny refers to the introduction of organized crime gangs emerging from the fall as communism, taking advantage in the new environment that is capitalism. Criminal organizations are vital to capitalism within the criminal, as it is material wealth that motivates them to take such high risks to gain more. All in all, in my view, which I feel is substantially supported by the evidence in this essay, is that globalization has led to new types and opportunities for crime. Ultimately I feel the main reason for this is down to technological developments, whether it be in communications or manufacturing, almost every aspect of crime is benefitted by technological advances. How to cite Process Of Globalization Has Led To Changes In Crime, Essays

Development of the Uk Popular Music free essay sample

Summaries the development of the UK popular music recording industry from the sasss to the present day. Asss The sasss represent the beginning of the development of the music industry, as it is known today. It is from here on that the genre of popular music existed and began to dominate the charts. Of course, there were acts that existed before the says, and made a good name for them selves, acts Like Being Crosby, but It was In the ass that certain artists became household names, and idols to the masses. The first, and most iconic of these artistes, is of course, Elvis Presley.After making a name for him self in the states, Elvis music then began to cross the border Into other countries, and continents. Elvis was the first truly cross-continental superstar. There were many factors to his success, and he appealed to a wide range of people, across the world. By combining several existing genres, mainly blues, gospel, and country, Elvis went on to pioneer a new genre of popular music, named Rock and Roll. For me, Elvis is the father of all Rock and Roll, and even today, 60 years on, Elvis Influences can still be heard in modern music.Back in the day, Elvis music was a revelation. This new mere of music tended to have a 12-bar blues feel. However, contrary to previous blues songs, this new genre was faster and more up beat. This in turn gave the songs more of a Jive feel, and so the songs were easy to dance and move to. It was this that led to the rebellion of the younger generation. Before Rock and Roll came along, the younger generation would generally listen to their parents music. Rock and Roll however, changed all of this. The new genre took the younger population by storm.They would spend nights out dancing to Rock and Roll and staying out till later than previously ever thought allowed. This went hand in hand with a change in fashion, and the music revolution began. This change in music prompted a change in popular instruments too. The electric guitar began to be used more and more in popular music. This was the birth of the guitar rock era. Using Elvis Inspiration, other artists began to appear on the scene, and take to the big stage. Bill Haley, EBB King, and Chuck Berry are perhaps the most memorable. Chuck Berry took the electric guitar and began to develop the Guitar Rock genre even more.He began to include guitar solos In his songs, which were previously unheard of. Along with Elvis, he began using thought provoking movements on stage. This added to the rebellion side of things and prompted another movement by the younger population. In the US, music was developing at an alarming rate. However, back here in the K, things were moving at a slower pace. Artists In the UK were generally focusing on a genre called skiffs_ This was mainly acoustic, and a complete contrast to the music being produced in America. 2 big names in skiffs were George Former and Lonnie Donovan.These 2 acts were a big hit in the I-J, and managed to achieve lots of OFF awards the end of the Asss, music in the I-J began to catch up with the US. Taking influences from the big names, artists began to appear with British take on their American counterparts. One act, Cliff Richard and the Shadows, took the I-J by storm. Cliff was perhaps the first to truly bridge the gap between American and British styles music. His first major hit Move It was the defining song of British music at the time. His success led to a great career, which still carries on even today. Developments In technology also helped the music industry.This included such things as television. Music shows began to appear. The De Sullivan show was perhaps the first major music program to be aired on television. Only the best acts were picked to play on the show, and it was really a showcase of the best musical talent in the US. Buddy Holly, Elvis, and Chuck Berry were all included on the guest list. Towards the end of the asss, the Rock and Roll genre continued to carry on pushing the boundaries of popular music. More acts moved in to the limelight and took to the big stage and Rock and Roll was at a high. The sasss introduced some of the biggest acts in music ever. For me, the asss were he most important 10 years of music history. Acts from the Asss continued to make the headlines, and grew bigger and bigger. However, in 1962, the biggest revolution in music history ever, hit the charts. The Beetles released the song Love Me Do, and it was an instant success. Creating a new genre of Bruit Pop, the Beetles took the I-J by storm. This style of music had never been heard before. It was this new style of music that changed the music industry forever. Compared to the music on the scene at the time, The Beetles incorporated more melodies, harmonies, and even more complex rhythms.This was the beginning of a music revolution. Even today, The Beetles are still one of the biggest grossing acts of all time. Whats more, they were the first British act to make it really big over in the US, and in turn, this meant international success. They were the first British act to break the barrier between the US and UK markets. This break through led too mass I-J acts breaking into the limelight and making it big. 1963 saw the introduction of acts such as The Yardarms, and Led Zeppelin. These acts went on to expand on the Rock and Roll genre and take guitar rock to a new level.New boundaries were made, and acts continued to experiment. Clayton went on to leave The Yardarms, and Joined John Mammal The Blueberries. It was this that defined his career, and gave him his nickname, slowdown. Playing the guitar in ways never seen before, Clayton was hailed as a god, and the genre of blues was re-instated into the music industry. Clayton then went on to form the first super group. In 1966, Cream were formed, and by combining Claptraps bluesy styles with the more rocky style of Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker, Cream created a new genre of blues rock. Zeppelin could also be credited for pioneering this genre. It was this genre that got Cream and Zeppelin noticed in the US. In 1964, Top of the Pops was born. Like previous music shows, it was a showcase of musical talent. The show went down brilliantly in the I-J, with mass numbers watching the show each week to catch a glimpse of their idols. All the current acts at the time were called to play on the show, and it was great publicity for each act. Top developed and brought to the mainstream market, such things as organs. This allowed acts to create new sounds push the boundaries of popular music even rather.Into the 2nd half of the decade came the arrival of The Rolling Stones and The Who. These continued along the Blues Rock path pioneered by Cream and Zeppelin, and both had great success. It was these acts that led to the nickname, the swinging asss. 1966 saw the beginning of psychedelic music. It was The Beetles who first began to experiment like this. Adding new instruments and recording methods, and also new rhythms, melodies, and structure to their music, they began to create yet another new genre of music. It was this new genre that led to the summer of love in 67.With psychedelic influences growing, and acts such as The Beetles and The Doors expanding on them, more and more acts began experimenting in the same way. Along with this new genre of music, came the mainstreaming of drugs. This is the period that everyone associates with hippies, long hair, flowery shirts, and campers. The summer of love was known for its free-loving, drug-induced gatherings. Combined with live music, these turned into what we know today as festivals. One of the very first, and perhaps most inspirational was Monterey Festival in 67. Never before had such a huge roster of artists been gathered in one place.Huge crowds gathered to experience seeing their idols on the big stage. No one at the time knew how inspirational this event would be, and how the idea of the festival would be continued in the future for so long. Monterey Festival also saw the introduction of a modern legend, Jim Hendrix. Hendrix broke the boundary of what was thought possible on a guitar. It was this extraordinary ability that led Hendrix to worldwide stardom and fame. Even today, Hendrix is still considered a true legend, and his inspiration can still be heard. Hendrix was in many ways similar to Clayton. In 1969, there was the Woodstock festival.This was even bigger than Monterey. Again, people had never seen such a large artist roster. Thousands and thousands gathered, even whole families. This was something not to be missed. Even today, this is the festival that everyone wishes they had attended. That fact alone proves how big Woodstock was. Also at Woodstock, came the introduction of printed t-shirts. For the first time ever, fans could advertise their love for an act by wearing a t-shirt with their logo/alum cover printed on it. This led to a huge change in fashion once again, and even today, people still wear band t-shirts.This was a huge thing for fans. Along with the change in fashion, came the end of the hippie era. This is in part down to the Alton gig held by the Rolling Stones. With the Hells Angels in charge of security, things turned sour. Many ended up being hurt, and some even killed. The end of the hippie era also ended the dominant presence of the psychedelic genre. Classic Rock, and Blues Rock took over the limelight with acts such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath. This was the era known for long hair and guitar solos, and continued well into the asss. asssWith Classic and Blues Rock dominating the charts for much of the early asss, there seemed little room for new acts/genres. However, in the sasss there were huge changes to popular music, and many new genres and acts were introduced to the market. Around 71 saw the introduction of Glam Rock. Acts such as T-Rexes and David Bowie began to make it big in the charts, and their new and unique style gave the around this period. The outrageous sparkly outfits, and extraordinary songs were an instant hit. In 72, came Prop. Developed from Classic Rock, and taking influences from the psychedelic era, Prop was born.With new instruments becoming more accessible to the masses, more and more people began to experiment. Acts Yes, and Emerson Lake Palmer were perhaps the most successful of the period. Where music of the past usually had a set structure, Prop took these rules and threw them away. New time signatures were introduced and the term music was given a whole new meaning. 73 to 74 saw a huge oil crisis, and the resulting 3-day week. Prices went up and there was a huge uproar. This was reflected in the music industry, and so came the genre of Punk, or Street Rock. Pioneered by young musicians, Punk appealed to the younger generations.The Ramose were perhaps the first successful Punk act. However, it was the Sex Pistols that took the genre one huge step further. Taking their music to the next level, they were instantly recognized and quickly made it into the limelight. This led to an appearance on television, and what an appearance it was. During an interview, the band did something never seen or heard on television before, swearing. Seen as icons of rebellion, the Sex Pistols were an overnight success, and their fan base at least doubled. They were as iconic and inspiration as Elvis and The Beetles. Punk took over the charts and Rock was slowly faded out. In 78, yet another genre of music began to creep into the market. With the development of synthesizers, New Wave music was born. Gary Unman was perhaps the leader in this genre. Aka music also began to become popular. With new labels popping up, more acts had a chance at the big time. The label tone music with the act The Madness is an example of this. 78 also saw the beginning of disco music. Disco turned out to be one of the biggest genres in the asss. With pumping bass lines, easy to dance to structures, and an up beat tempo, all generations were enticed to et up and dance.Disco nights started up in clubs, and this was the beginning of the modern day club nights. Acts such as The Bee Gees took the market by storm and made big names for themselves, and are still recognizable today as some of the biggest acts of the asss. The influence of Disco inspired a change in fashion too. The film Saturday Night Fever is perhaps the most recognizable media form from this era. At the end of the asss, with Disco dominating the charts, yet more new came to the market. The genre of Rap picked up and began to make it big on the scene.Acts such as the Sugar Hill Gang, took the genre to a new level that appealed to many. With its pumping beats and its poetically tongue-twisting lyrics, Rap music began make a name for its self, and the genre continued well into the asss. Even today, Rap music is still popular with the masses with acts like Mine leading the genre on a new level. Asss The transition into the Asss was not a pleasant one for many. The period was known as the winter of discontent. With Thatcher in power, the country was not a happy place. Money problems hit hard for many families and nothing seemed to be going eight.The music industry was also hit hard. Nothing really seemed to change in the early Asss until the market picked back up again. Perhaps the most notable song of the early Asss came in 81, Ghost Town by The Specials. Inspired by the hard times in Britain at the time, the tune appealed to the masses and was an instant hit. As times again, with the introduction of the new romantic era. Acts like Duran Duran and Spandex Ballet Even today, this genre is still going strong, and Duran Duran are still a touring, performing band. Perhaps the most important revolution in the early Asss was MET.Showing primarily popular rock acts, MET was a large budget TV channel, showing non-stop music videos, all day, every day. This gave acts more of a chance to air their music to a huge audience, and be heard. Also, with the introduction of MET, came a huge increase in the budget for music videos. Music videos became of a much higher standard, almost instantly, as the music industry became not only a fight for the top music spot, but also the best video too. In 83 came a video that took the world by storm. Michael Jacksons Thriller was, and still is perhaps the biggest and best music video of all time. Jackson, already a star by this time, only increased his fame dramatically with only the aid of a single video. Shortly after, came the music video for the hit Billie Jean. After the success of the video for Thriller, MET were forced to show both videos. This in turn, opened the floodgates for other non- rock acts videos to be shown on MET, and so MET was dramatically different from them on. 83 also saw another change to the music industry. MIDI was invented. This allowed instruments to talk computers. This was the birth of computer music, and perhaps, modern music. It was most definitely the beginning of modern recording methods.As both hardware and software were developed, more complex procedures could be completed, and more and more technological advances were made. Genres like Techno, Electro, and modern genres like R, Electronics, and Deputes all stemmed from this one advance in technology. Moving back on to live music, in 1985, was Live Aid. Set up by Bob Gelded among others, Live Aid was set up as a charity event, the largest charity event ever to have occurred. The biggest names in music, past and present all performed at the event, in order to raise awareness and money for those living in, for want of a better term, 3rd world countries. This was the first mime that music was ever truly linked to charity, and it was a great success. The legacy of the festival lived on. The late Asss saw the return of Rap into the limelight. Acts such as AL Cool J led the charts, with their infectious style of music. However, by this time, Rap had been developed into yet another style. The Beastie Boys with their pinkish attitude, and Rock/Rap music broke through the market to take the charts for them selves. It was once again, the image of rebellion that led the band forward, and led them to popularity and stardom. Gs The asss were the decade of technology. It was in these years that technology advanced more than ever seen before. New devices such as mobile phones, plantations, and sky TV were available, and the possibilities seemed endless. Computer music also advanced in a huge way. New hardware and software was constantly being brought to the market, and what was now possible on a computer was unbelievable at the time. Perhaps the biggest advancement in technology though, was the internet; a new technology that allowed a mass of information to be shared almost effortlessly, to anywhere in the world.Nobody at the time knew what impact this new technology would have on the world in later years. Id say that now, we are almost dependent on the internet. The asss were also the decade of the festival. The big modern festivals, such as V, Leeds, and Gluttonously all started up in gathered at the excitement of seeing some of the biggest names in world music all gathered at one gig. The asss also saw some pretty big changes in the music industry. The early asss gave birth to a genre called Grunge. Originating in Seattle, USA, Grunge was inspired by Punk, and Rock.This new genre was a big hit both in the USA, and the I-J, and quite a few acts managed to earn themselves a place in the charts. Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Sound Garden and Nirvana are Just a few. Perhaps the most iconic song of the time was Smells Like Teen Spirit by Nirvana, released in 91 . In retrospect, this song is now hailed as the beginning of Alternative Rock hitting the mainstream market. This opening in the market led too haul of new acts hitting the stage and making it big. In the I-J, the new sensation of Bruit Pop was really picking up with acts like Blur and Oasis leading the market.With several chart- topping hits, both bands dominated the I-J markets, and slowly began to be recognized in the US too. The early ass also saw Tony Blair come in to power, and the beginning of cool Britannic. With the new Bruit Pop music scene, and also changes in fashion, Britain, and especially London, was the place to be. London became an iconic city, and began to lead the way in terms of modern culture and desirability. This in turn gave British acts a huge push in the music industry as it became easier to be discovered over seas in the US. Cool Britannic also saw the increase of branding and advertisement, this tied into a change of fashion, where designer labels and big name fashion designers began to dominate the market. Later into the asss came the era of the boy and girl bands, 3 of the most recognizable being the Spice Girls, Take That, and Waistline. This new craze picked up immensely and really characterized the scene of Britain at the time. Each band had several hits, reaching number 1 a number of times. These acts were the biggest acts in the I-J at the time. However, they failed to make it really big in the US contrary to the increase in UK acts in the US market.In the late asss came the beginning of modern mainstream music. When the Prodigy hit the charts, their explosive style of modern, Drum and Trance music kook the modern Britain by storm. They were an instant hit with the younger generation. With the new technology available, computer based music began to increase in popularity with Electronics, Trance, and D taking over the younger generations hearts. For me, this was the beginning of the modern music scene. Even today, the Prodigy are still a popular act, and are still seen as the pioneering act of modern Trance and Electronics music.The last important factor of the asss comes in the form of free downloads. As internet technology increased, free music downloads and file sharing became available. This affected the music industry in a pretty severe way. It was no longer necessary to buy music, and the profits made by acts, labels, and retailers slowly began to decrease. It was only recently that action was taken to begin fighting against free downloads. Asss Again, in the Asss, the advances in technology were mind blowing. Within 10 years, technology nearly doubled in complexity, and only continued to increase even to this day.Technology will perhaps never meet a dead end. In 2001, Apple put the first pod into production. Even though other MPH players were previously available, no other engaged to generate sales so quickly. The pod was the first real portable music device. This was a revelation, as people could easily transport a library of music they wanted. Along with the pod, came tunes, the first real computer music library system. The ability to manage all your music in one place, and also download music from online straight into your library, to transfer onto you pod was unbelievable at the time.This technology has only got better and today, Tunes and pods are one of the largest grossing consumer technology products of all time. New music production software was also developed. This made music production much easier than ever before. With the help of the internet, people could now create, record, and promote their own music even from the comfort of their own bedroom. As more and more people began to do this, and more and more acts came to the market, the music industry became overloaded with unsigned acts. This in turn made it much harder for new acts to be discovered as something new and different. Even though music production, and promotion became so much easier, becoming recognized became much, much harder. For me, the Asss were the most diverse of all the decades in terms of music genres. The girl and boy bands continued to make the charts with their pop hits. Trance and Electronics acts became more popular with the masses, and more acts became recognized. This is when the modern day clubbing sensation began, with the younger generation spending nights becoming intoxicated with alcohol, drugs, and music in clubs. However, the Asss for me showed the return of the Rock bands.As true Rock fans became bored of the modern music on offer, older rock bands, and Classic Rock bands came back into fashion. Sales of Rock music increased and even genres like Alternative Rock, Grunge, and Metal came back on to the scene. Even today, there is still a huge fan base for Rock and Metal bands. As ever, Rock developed once again in the 21st century with new Hardcore and Pop Punk bands coming to the scene. Again, popular with the younger generation looking for something different to the mainstream market, these acts still have a big fan base despite the current market.Pop music seems to be dominating the charts at the moment, and has been for the past decade. With pop having developed, and modern rappers and RB and DB populating the market, there were many different acts coming into the charts. In recent years, Trance music seems to have stepped up a bevel too. With new genres like Deputes coming on to the scene and Racetrack acts like Pendulum pioneering the genre, the fantasy is slowly increasing and seems to be challenging the title of the pop acts.Music in the Asss continued to develop, with even more new acts being recognized, and coming into the charts. Indies music also began to build a pretty strong fan base. Even though it never really reached the limelight, and never topped the charts, the fantasy still continued to grow immensely. For me, the Asss were the most diverse of all the decades in terms of music available on the market. Conclusion Music has developed immensely over the past 60 years. Hand in hand with technology and fashion, there have been major changes in every decade. It seems to me however, that music seems to be going in circle. With live music and Rock acts coming back into fashion, I believe that live music will soon take back over from the computerized, and pop music on offer in todays market. There are several genres that I have not mentioned in this analysis. Reggae, Country, and Latin styles are a few. Country for example, has a huge fan base, and has for many decades. In fact, huge fan base, Country music has only recently been recognized in the world music scene, with artists like Brad Paisley and Taylor Swift making the charts.The same can be said for Reggae. For decades, Reggae has been the staple music for many. However, it was only with the likes of Bob Marled and Toots and the Metals, that Reggae really became recognized by the masses. The music industry is a diverse and complex place. My beliefs though, are that the music industry will continue getting stronger, only getting more complicated and diverse each decade, with new developments in technology, and more genres being developed and coming to the mainstream market.

The Color Purple Essays (1818 words) - Literature, Film, Fiction

The Color Purple Wilson, 1 Katie Wilson Ms. Allen English 11, 3 10 June 2000 The Color Purple Change over time was a theory that was first realized by the Greeks and, only thousands of years later, accepted as fact. As time goes by, things change. And this change is never more evident than in human growth and development. But what is it that causes human metamorphosis to occur? Oftentimes, the change comes from within, simply the innate desire to improve oneself. Other times, the transformation is directly the result of outside influences; such as a significant event or inspiration from respected individuals and role models. The latter is the case in Alice Walker's The Color Purple. In this novel, Walker uses the influence of other strong female characters to act as catalysts on Celie's journey of self-discovery. Inspired by Sophia, Celie is able to establish her independence from her abusive husband. Celie knows she is controlled by Mr.___ and acknowledges this when she think ?bout how every time (she) jump when Mr.___ call (her)? (Purple, 38). Celie's weakness is justified, considering that male domination is a constant in her life. Passed from one chauvinistic man to another, women in subordinate roles is all she knows and can relate to. As put by critic Donna Wilson, 2 Winchell, ?At first fighting back does not even seem an option, survival seems the best she can hope for, in this world at least? (86). However, witnessing the relationship between her son-in-law Harpo and his wife Sophia brings Celie to the realization that such abuse is not necessary and instills in her the desire to stand up for herself. This is evident in Celie's envy of Sophia's strength towards Harpo; ?I say it because I'm jealous of you. I say it because you do what I can't? (Purple, 42). Celie longs for the courage she finds in Sophia. Years of abuse has made her feel that she cannot assert her own independence, and that she is powerless against her husband's controlling ways. This desire to improve, coupled with the encouragement of Sophia, moves Celie to assert herself. Sophia persuades Celie to stand up for herself; ?You ought to bash Mr.___ head open, she say. Think about heaven later? (Purple, 44). She emphasizes to Celie that she needs to start caring about the life she is presently living. Sophia tries to make her realize that she doesn't have to put up with the way Mr.___ treats her. And, finally, Celie is able to find it within herself to leave Mr.___; ?You a lowdown dog is what is wrong, I say. It's time to leave you and enter creation. And your dead body is just the welcome mat I need? (Purple, 207). The opposition Celie exhibits is the first time she directly stands up for herself. Her defiance shows that she realizes that Mr.___'s treatment of her is inappropriate, and she is no longer willing to put up with such abuse. She finally Wilson, 3 finds the confidence and power to take the first step to break away from the restraints of her old life and start over on her own. Celie's ability eventually to stand up and leave Mr.___ is also due in part to her ?discovering a definition of God that is large enough to encompass even the poor, ugly black woman that she feels herself to be? (Winchell, 86). This growth is initiated by ?the arrival of Shug, (which) is the final turning point in Celie's search for identity? (Barret). Love is noticeably absent from much of Celie's life. The men in her life have never lost an opportunity to remind her that she is worthless; ?But what you got? You ugly. You skinny. You shape funny. You too scared to open your mouth to people?You not that good a cook either? (Purple, 89). This kind of verbal abuse, attacks, not only on her physical appearance but also on her person, is an everyday part of Celie's life, leaving her with a minimal sense of self-worth. In addition, the only people that Celie has ever loved, her sister Nettie and her two children, are taken away from her. She is left only with her husband, who she feels little for except fear. Sex, usually

Rich Dad poor Dad

Rich Dad poor Dad Summary Written by Robert Kiyosaki, ‘Rich Dad, Poor Dad’ is a story that explores one man’s journey from ten cents an hour to financial independence. Unlike many of other children, Kiyosaki had two fathers- the biological poor father and the ‘financial icon’ father.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rich Dad poor Dad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author compares the approaches for success that each of the two fathers taught him. He compares their financial intelligence and business skills; qualities that his real father, the poor but highly educated man, lacked. In Chapter 1, Kiyosaki tells of his early life with his friend, Mike, as boys growing up in Hawaii. Fortunately, meeting mikes father changed Kiyosaki’s destiny for he learned of priceless money principles that he applies in life even today. Mike’s father employed the author and Mike in a grocery store where they worked for peanuts. Unsatisfied with the pay, Kiyosaki asked for a pay rise but received a pay cut instead. As the two boys almost ran out of patience for a pay increase, they managed to meet their boss (Mike’s father) only to accept a moral lesson and forgo a pay increase. They both opted to learn the moral of the lesson despite the rich dad giving them a significant pay increase as an option. They learnt the important lesson that, the rich do not work for money; no, money works for them by employing other people to work for them In Chapter 2, the author explains the importance of financial intelligence in achieving financial success. He argues that wealth lies in the ability to identify opportunities and utilize them. He compares the rich and the poor in terms of risk-taking, whereby the poor and the middle class prefer to play it safe and avoid risks. He explains that investing in assets and minimizing one’s expenditure contributes to financial success. The po or on the other hand spend more than they can keep. In Chapter4, the author explains that for individuals to become financially sufficient, minding one’s own business is important. Focusing on nurturing one’s own businesses instead of the employer’s business contributes to financial independence. Another important lesson described in the book is that taxation only affects the poor. The rich avoid heavy taxations through corporations, which offer tax exemptions and protection from litigation. This phenomenon offers an ideal way for the rich to protect their wealth. The author also explains that self-confidence in business and financial literacy involving investments is more important than saving small sums of money monthly. The author also describes the importance of working to acquire skills instead of working for money.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Skills in accounting, market trends, and business laws enable the rich to achieve financial success. The author also describes the importance of education in business and describes the skills such as management skills that individuals need to achieve success. In addition, the author describes the obstacles including human traits that hinder financial success and offers the tips for expanding personal wealth. Analysis The author believes that for an individual to achieve financial success, he or she must strive to own his/her businesses instead of working for employers. He feels that the poor work hard for less while enriching the employers. About financial literacy, the author stresses the importance of accounting and proper management of one’s expenditure as a way of achieving financial success. In addition, the author holds the opinions that individuals should invest more in solid assets and cut down liabilities to achieve financial prosperity. Interestingly, the a uthor depicts the poor dad as well-educated but lacking business skills showing that education is less important in achieving financial success. Later, in Chapter 6, he stresses the importance of education and training to enhance business and investment skills. He also recommends that education make one a better investor coupled with increasing one’s financial intelligence. This contradicts the picture created by the author’s biological dad who was poor despite being highly educated. In addition, the author recommends that financial success can be achieved through employing intelligent and trained minds. The idea that financial literacy leads to financial independence concurs with the story of the two dads. The poor dad is a highly educated professor who lacks financial literacy skills. As a result, he never makes it financially despite working hard while the rich dad, who was financially intelligent, invested in assets, undertook risks, and achieved great financial su ccess. The poor dad emphasized on education as a way of achieving financial success. However, the rich dad groomed the author on business skills that turned out to be important in achieving financial success. Reflection In the story, the author explains that the rich do not work for money; instead, they hire intelligent minds to work for them. In my opinion, I think the rich also need to work to some extent particularly in managing workers and their investments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rich Dad poor Dad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, I think the idea of minding one’s own business is a noble one. By investing in assets and businesses, I can become self-employed and avoid exploitative, unrewarding, unsatisfying jobs. In addition, financial literacy is an important lesson for professional individuals. Understanding basic financial skills can help one create and grow wealth. However, the author did not come out clearly on how training or education helps an individual to develop financial intelligence. Conclusion Rich Dad Poor Dad provides vital lessons and tips to the reader on attaining financial success without much struggle. In addition, it outlines the necessity of financial literacy as a vital tool of success. However, it fails to accord importance to training or education. In a scale of 1-10, I would rate it eight.

3 Major Changes Happening in Retail in 5 Years

3 Major Changes Happening in Retail in 5 Years Are you currently employed in a retail position or looking to find one? If so, and you’re in it for the long haul, you can expect to encounter some big changes across the industry in the next several years. This is due to a variety of factors- from technological innovation that’s reshaping how consumers purchase products, to changes in the global economy and individual spending habits. 1. Basic Industry TrendsHere are some of the basic trends that are expected in retail over the next several years, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics:Retail employment is projected to grow at a rate of 2 percent. This is slower than average, but opportunities will be available, largely due to the high employment turnover that’s characteristic of the industry.The greatest concentration of retail employment will be on the east and west coasts of the United States; the states with the highest employment levels will likely be California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. Places with the highest annual mean retail wages will likely be the District of Columbia, Washington, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.Industries with the highest levels of retail employment will likely be general merchandising stores, clothing stores, building supplies dealers, sporting goods and hobby shops, and car dealerships.2. Changes in Hiring ProceduresDo your memories regarding the retail positions you’ve held throughout your career involve walking into various stores, completing paper applications, and submitting it to an employee or manager? If so, then you can expect to notice a change in how hiring is done over the next few years. Expect the slow, old â€Å"paper and pen† application process, which often meant weeks of waiting for a response while mountains of applications were reviewed, to be replaced by a more computerized and efficient hiring process- from applying to onboarding and everything in between.Many of the components of hiring are b eing automated and shifting to computers, allowing for a faster turnaround time. Savvy and progressive-minded companies are realizing that satisfied and well-adjusted employees (from day one, when they’re still candidates) are crucial to their success, and are focusing on improving the â€Å"candidate experience,† which means making the hiring process as easy, transparent, and confusion-free as possible. Some are even embracing artificial intelligence (AI) tools to screen candidates and keep them updated throughout the hiring process faster and better than ever before. The ultimate goal here is for companies to attract and retain the best available talent to staff their teams, which will ultimately benefit their bottom lines and long-term success.3. Growth in E-CommerceThe shift in consumer purchasing and spending habits from brick and mortar stores to online shopping is undeniable- and has impacted every aspect of the retail sector, including job opportunities. As mor e people choose to shop online, expect to see less of a need for physical stores to connect with customers. As a result, we can expect to see a portion of the retail staffing needs of companies shift from in-store employment to online positions, including customer support, warehousing and inventory tasks, and more.Therefore, tech-savvy candidates with computer skills under their belts will likely have the best chances of obtaining the retail jobs of the future. If this sounds like you then you should be in good shape, but if your computer skills need some work then it might be a worthwhile investment to get them up to speed.There it is- a glimpse at some of the changes that you can expect to see in retail hiring and employment over the next 5 years. Use this information to help you prepare for the retail world of the future, and avoid any big surprises. Good luck!

Genetic testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genetic testing - Essay Example In this essay, I will describe advantages and disadvantages of DNA testing and demonstrate why the test should not be put into practice. Firstly, genetic testing has a benefit of enhancing medical technology. Over the last few decades, scientists discovered more about genetics, which enabled humans to get a better understanding of genes. Running a genetic testing, compared to gene discoveries, would be an articulate evidence of proving how efficient genes are in terms of healing. Also gene tests determine how far we can utilize genes under difficult conditions such as cancer or other incurable diseases. On the contrary, there is a great risk of failure in the test. Despite recent genetic findings, most people are still unaware of the term â€Å"gene† and there are complications in technology with respect to treatment. Even specialists lack enough experience on dealing with ways and problems that are possible during real gene testing. Secondly, genetic testing is a relatively new field in medicine. This is advantageous because it is seeking for a new method since there has never been this type of testing. It also has a high possibility of success in the future. Clearly, genes are the most accurate form of extracting information about an individual’s trait. So, altering the harmful genes into good ones is the most effective ways of remedy. Nevertheless, it is difficult to afford the supplies required for genetic testing. For the genetic testing to flourish in the future, the process during the test should be without any oversights. But, the payment of laboratory, chemical supplies requiring special disposure, and hiring educated scientists, are requirements worth millions of dollars for an average conductor to officially run and examine genetic testing. Thirdly, genetic testing allows humans to have knowledge of the possible diseases and risks they will have

Compare and Contrast Oedipus the King and Death of a salesman Essay

Compare and Contrast Oedipus the King and Death of a salesman - Essay Example Both plays have got ends that have got tragedies that are followed by accidents. For instance the act of putting the queen to death looks like just a mere twist of fate but it is in fact a catastrophic act that is faced by Oedipus in future. Wily’s death is a tragedy whereas his son’s failure to embark on business is a catastrophe (Cohen, 2003).Both plays draw the concentration of the audience in appreciating the manner in which human behavior can have profound emotions on a person. Oedipus after discovering the truth blinds himself, whereas Willy maintains that his son must become a businessperson even after finding out that his son is not interested in business at all. In both plays, the key characters are portrayed as having heroic qualities. Oedipus is a hero in his own right and there is no doubting that. This becomes evident and clear when he refuses to be victimized at all and instead chooses to remain totally loyal to Thebes people.Willy on other side kills himself for the noble cause of making sure his family is develops. In both plays, the key protagonists are tragic heroes. Both plays represent cultures and lifestyles settings that are completely different. Death of salesman represents a present day tragedy whereas Oedipus represents an old heroic tragedy.Willy’s story is about present day activities like insurance and sales, unlike the story of Oedipus which is told in a traditional setting. In Oedipus, the main protagonist is the king who is painted as a very confident, however the feeling that he portrays of himself to the audience about the real self is quite different. Oedipus on other hand is so full of himself and feels outstandingly perfect(Cohen,2003).Although Willy looks like he was treading on the right course in his activities just the way Oedipus did, he does not live to face the outcomes of his activities like Oedipus. While

The First Day of High School Essay Example for Free

The First Day of High School Essay Right when I got out of the car, I had no clue where to go, I’m accustomed to walking through the middle school doors and going to unite with all my friends after a thrilling summer, but today was different. It was my first day of high school and I was about to go on an adventure. I finally reached my destination, the freshman courtyard, and I walked into my first period class. I sat down, looked around and thought to myself, â€Å"I know absolutely no one! † Then the bell rang and my teacher walked in. First thing that came out of her mouth was, â€Å"So who has their summer reading assignment?! and I sat there in astonishment. In middle school, on the first day, it’s usually all about rules, rules, and more rules! And how the classroom should be, but no! Not in high school. It was more of, â€Å"You’re in English honors, let’s get to work and write an essay! † Well wasn’t that a surprise. Later throughout the day, I finally saw some of my friends and felt more comfortable that there were people I knew. I was starting to enjoy my classes, and I got to know my teachers a little more, but now it was 5th period lunch and Man was I hungry! When I walked into the lunchroom, I stopped in bewilderment on where to go; there were swarms of people everywhere I turned, freshman, sophomores, juniors, and even seniors. There was a snack line, soda machines, and an abundance of tables that filled the cafeteria. You could even sit outside! It was a humongous difference from middle school; we have so much more freedom. Speaking of freedom, did I mention how spectacular it is in high school compared to middle school?! In class, we get to work together and have immense amount of free time; we can also take our phones and iPods out more often. During passing we can have our phones out and can’t get in trouble for it! The best part of all is we can have any  electronic devices out at lunch and we can go to two different places, the media and the learning lab. It is so much more suitable than being locked up in captivity all day long. Some people would expect high school to be stricter than middle school and have countless rules. Actually, it is uncomplicated, less strict and more intriguing. When I was in middle school I still felt like a little kid, but now that I am in high school I feel like I am turning into a mature adult.

Graffiti is a Beautiful Crime Essay example -- Argumentative Persuasiv

Graffiti is a Beautiful Crime Graffiti is a form of art that people use to express themselves and to convey various messages to people in a particular community. In the movie "Graffiti Verite':. One of the graffiti artist explained that his purpose in doing graffiti is that it allows him to "express his anger' on the wall. Another kid by the name of "Jipsie" said that graffiti is a "form of growth". There were several different explanations that artists shared as well as several different reasons why they like graffiti. The common theme among the graffiti artist and taggers was that graffiti is simply a form of self-expression (Bryan). At the end of the film one tagger made a comment and said, "graffiti is not vandalism, but it is a beautiful crime". This comment did not make sense to me. Committing a crime, a hideous act, is not a beautiful thing to do by any means. Graffiti does not mean people can go around and draw and spray paint on other peoples property. Regardless of what types of graffiti are being expre ssed by the tagger, this type of self expression is considered vandalism when people decide to draw, destroy, or violate any persons property without consent. As a result of taggers committing the crime of vandalism, property owners, concerned citizens, and law enforcement officers spend too much time, money, and energy trying to put an end to the unlawful act of vandalism. Looking from the taggers' point of view, one can understand why taggers and graffiti artists draw and do graffiti, but this does not justify the fact that often times this form of self-expression is not acceptable when it is done on other peoples property. Having the opportunity to listen (film, class, talk show) to why taggers and graf... ...erent meanings and different types of self-expression. "The simplified imagery of graffiti has become attractive to certain professional fine artists in various areas around the world" (Philips). The point that I am making is that various forms of graffiti are beautiful and the need to express ones' self is part of what being a human being is all about. I don't see a problem with the reasoning behind why graffiti artists do graffiti and why taggers tag. It becomes a problem when they use other people's property (including public and city property) to express themselves via graffiti and tagging. Work Cited Bryan, Bob "Graffiti Verite'" (Movie), 1996. Epstein, Edward. "SF Takes on Urban Scrawl". San Francisco Chronicle April 1, 1999. A17, A22. Philips, Susan A. Graffita Defanition: The Dictionary of Art. London: Macmillan Publisher. On press), 1996.

Teaching Pragmatics

Teaching Pragmatics explores the teaching of pragmatics through lessons and activities created by teachers of English as a second and foreign language. This book is written for teachers by teachers. Our teacher-contributors teach in seven different countries and are both native-speakers and nonnative speakers of English. Activities reflect ESL and EFL classroom settings. The chapters included here allow teachers to see how other teachers approach the teaching of pragmatics and to appreciate the diversity and creativity of their endeavors. Taken together, the activities constitute a spectrum of possibilities for teaching pragmatics. Each submission provides novel insight into the ESL/EFL classroom and demonstrates that there is no single approach to the teaching of pragmatics. The variety of approaches means that pragmatics can be integrated easily into any classroom, whether traditional or communicative. What is pragmatics? The study of pragmatics explores the ability of language users to match utterances with contexts in which they are appropriate; in Stalnaker's words, pragmatics is â€Å"the study of linguistic acts and the contexts in which they are performed† (1972, p. 383). The teaching of pragmatics aims to facilitate the learners' ability to find socially appropriate language for the situations they encounter. Within second language studies and teaching, pragmatics encompasses speech acts, conversational structure, conversational implicature, conversational management, discourse organization, and sociolinguistic aspects of language use, such as choice of address forms. These areas of language and language use have not traditionally been addressed in language teaching curricula, leading one of our students to ask if we could teach him â€Å"the secret rules of English. Pragmatic rules for language use are often subconscious, and even native speakers are often unaware of pragmatic rules until they are broken (and feelings are hurt, offense is taken, or things just seem a bit odd). Neither does pragmatics receive the attention in language teacher education programs that other areas of language do. Nevertheless, rules of language use do not have to be â€Å"secret rules† for learners or teachers. A growing number of studies describe language use in a variety of English-speaking communities, and these studies have yielded important information for teaching. From the teacher's perspective, the observation of how speakers do things with words has demystified the pragmatic process at least to the point where we can provide responsible, concrete lessons and activities to language learners. We are in the position to give assurance that they can learn pragmatics in their second or foreign language and be â€Å"in the club† of English speakers. Teachers can successfully decode the apparently secret rules for classroom learners. Why teach pragmatics in language classes? We advocate teaching pragmatics because, quite simply, observation of language learners shows there is a demonstrated need for it, and instruction in pragmatics can be successful. Learners show significant differences from native speakers in language use; the execution and comprehension of certain speech acts; conversational functions, such as greetings and leave takings; and conversational management, such as back channeling and short responses. (See, for example, Bardovi-Harlig, 1996, 1999, 2001; Kasper & Schmidt, 1996; Kasper & Rose, 1999. Without instruction, differences in pragmatics show up in the English of learners regardless of their first language background or language proficiency. That is to say, a learner of high grammatical proficiency will not necessarily show equivalent pragmatic development. As a result, learners at the higher levels of grammatical proficiency often show a wide range of pragmatic competence. Thus, we find that even advanced nonnative speakers are neither uniformly successful, nor uniformly unsuccessful, but the range is quite wide. The consequences of pragmatic differences, unlike the case of grammatical errors, are often interpreted on a social or personal level rather than as a result of the language learning process. Being outside the range of language use allowed in a language or making a pragmatic mistake may have various consequences. As the teachers contributing to this volume point out, a pragmatic error may hinder good communication between speakers (Takenoya), may make the speaker appear abrupt or brusque in social interactions (Lee), or may make the speaker appear rude or uncaring (Yates). Gallow points out that maintaining a conversation in English requires underlying knowledge of responses that prompt a speaker to continue, show understanding, give support, indicate agreement, show strong emotional response, add or correct a speaker's information, or ask for more information. Berry discusses the importance of learning how to take turns and demonstrates that listening behaviors that are polite in one language may not be polite or recognizable in another. Unintentional insult to interlocutors (Mach & Ridder) and denial of requests (Weasenforth) have been identified as other potential pragmatic hazards. Left to their own devices with respect to contact with the target language in and out of the classroom, the majority of learners apparently do not acquire the pragmatics of the target language on their own (Bouton, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, Bardovi-Harlig, 2001; Kasper, 2001). What makes pragmatics â€Å"secret† seems to be in some cases insufficient specific input and in others insufficient interpretation of language use. Language classrooms are especially well suited to provide input and interpretation. Instruction addresses the input problem by making language available to learners for observation. Some speech acts, such as invitations, refusals, and apologies often take place between individuals, so learners might not have the opportunity to observe such language without being directly involved in the conversation. Some speech events, such as office hours and advising sessions, are generally not observed by a third party, but closed events need not be as private as going to the doctor, as one of our graduate students pointed out: A person might want to know the conventions for talking to a hair stylist in a second language, something equally difficult to observe! The second problem of input that instruction addresses is salience. Some necessary features of language and language use are quite subtle and not immediately noticeable by learners, such as the turns that occur before speakers actually say â€Å"goodbye† and the noises they make when encouraging other speakers to continue their turns. Differences in making requests, such as by saying â€Å"Can I? † (speaker-oriented) instead of â€Å"Can you? † (hearer-oriented) might not be immediately salient to learners. By highlighting features of language and language use, instruction can inform the learner. Finally, the classroom is the ideal place in which to help learners interpret language use. Instruction can help learners understand when and why certain linguistic practices take place. It can help learners to better comprehend what they hear (â€Å"What does this formula mean? â€Å") and to better interpret it (â€Å"How is this used? † â€Å"What does a speaker who says this hope to accomplish? â€Å"). A classroom discussion of pragmatics is also a good place to explore prior impressions of speakers. For example, Americans are often thought of as being very direct. As Howard reports, her learners often tell her that â€Å"you don't have to be polite in English. † Instruction provides the opportunity to discuss the absence of some types of politeness markers in English and the presence and function of others that may not be immediately recognizable to learners. As discussed above, the need for pragmatics instruction is fairly easy to document. Recent studies suggest instruction benefits pragmatic development, both in production and comprehension. (For overviews see Kasper, 1997a, and 2001. For a collection of studies see Rose & Kasper, 2001. For individual studies see Bouton, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994). What are the goals of teaching pragmatics? What are the ultimate benefits to learners? The chief goal of instruction in pragmatics is to raise learners' pragmatic awareness and give them choices about their interactions in the target language. The goal of instruction in pragmatics is not to insist on conformity to a particular target-language norm, but rather to help learners become familiar with the range of pragmatic devices and practices in the target language. With such instruction, learners can maintain their own cultural identities (Kondo), participate more fully in target language communication, and gain control of the force and outcome of their contributions. Kondo notes that â€Å"successful communication is a result of optimal rather than total convergence† (Giles, Coupland, & Coupland, 1991). Expanding upon this view, the authors included in this volume point out that exposing learners to pragmatics in their second or foreign language helps the learners to expand their perception of the target language and those who speak it.. The classroom provides a safe place within which learners can try out new forms and patterns of communication in an accepting environment. They can experiment with unfamiliar forms of address, attempt shorter conversational openings or closings than they are used to, or try longer openings or closings that initially might feel too drawn out-just to get the feel of it. The instructor and other student participants can provide feedback. Instruction should allow students to choose how much of the pragmatic norms of the culture they would like to include in their own repertoire. As a result of the activities suggested in this book they will be better able to interpret the speech of others and, therefore, to decide what they feel comfortable adopting. They will also enjoy greater insights into the target culture. Equally important, we believe that students genuinely enjoy learning about pragmatics because it is like being let into a secret! How can pragmatics be taught? We emphasize that there is not a single best way to teach pragmatics. The teaching activities we have included here represent a wide range of teaching styles and approaches. Regardless of method, however, the activities share some important pedagogical practices. Readers will find that 1) awareness activities generally begin the units described in the chapters, 2) authentic language samples are used as examples or models, and 3) input precedes interpretation by learners or production activities. Instruction in pragmatics may utilize the learners' first language as well as the target language. Awareness raising activities can profitably involve demonstrations in the L1 or L1 language samples. Demonstrations may include the use of space, such as where people stand in a line, or nonverbal gestures that accompany certain types of talk, such as shaking hands during greetings or introductions. In Berry's lesson on listening behaviors, students demonstrate active listening behavior in their own language(s) before observing native speakers. L1 language samples can serve to introduce learners to ideas in pragmatics in a context in which they have native control of the language. The samples can also serve as the basis of L1-L2 comparisons, as in Howard's lesson on politeness in which L1 and L2 business letters are compared. All languages have pragmatic systems, and with a little encouragement all learners will recognize that their L1s also have â€Å"secret rules. † Pragmatics is an area of language instruction in which teachers and students can learn together. The use of authentic language samples in this volume is important because, as Wolfson (1988) points out, in contrast to intuitions about language form or grammar, the intuitions of native speakers regarding language use are notoriously poor. Moreover, the use of authentic language included herein makes possible the teaching of pragmatics by nonnative speakers of English. Throughout this volume, the teacher-authors demonstrate many ways to collect authentic language samples on which to base lessons, including -to name just a few- tape recording messages on answering machines, using internationally broadcast English language talk shows, showing educational films, exploring appropriate world wide web sites; and saving letters and correspondence. The presentation of authentic language samples generally precedes interpretation or production activities, thus giving learners something to build on. It is important to take into account the fact that, just as teachers cannot rely on their intuition in teaching pragmatics, neither can learners do so in their second/foreign language prior to instruction. Pragmatics can be integrated into the English-language curriculum at the earliest levels: There is no reason to wait to introduce learners to the pragmatics of a second language. In fact, the imbalance between grammatical and pragmatic development may be ameliorated by early attention to pragmatics in instruction. Kontra's lesson shows how pragmatics can be introduced to learners even at beginning levels. Contents and organization Each chapter has five main sections: description of the activity, procedure, rationale, alternatives or caveats, and additional pedagogical resources. The chapters specify the level of the learners for whom the lesson was designed, the time required to conduct the lesson, resources needed, and the goal of the activity. The chapters open with a description of the activity, followed by the step-by-step procedure for implementing it with language learners. In the rationale sections, teacher-authors review the reasons behind the development of the activities. Applications of the activities to other learners, settings, modes, or areas of pragmatics; ways to expand or elaborate the activities; and caveats associated with the activities are all included. Examples appear throughout the chapters, with worksheets and overheads following the chapters. This book is organized into five main sections. The chapters in each section are ordered according to the level of the learners for whom the lesson was designed, beginning with activities for the lowest level learners and progressing to advanced learners. The first section, Awareness, presents teaching activities that focus on raising learners' awareness of pragmatic differences between languages. The sections following Awareness offer production activities. The activities that focus on production are organized by the area of pragmatics they address: conversational management, conversational openings and closings, requests, and daily life. Conversational Management includes activities that address the mechanics of conversation, such as turn taking, active listening, relevant short responses, and using hesitation markers. Conversational Openings and Closings deals with the boundaries of conversations: how to begin and end conversations both in person and on the telephone. Requests deals with the specific speech act of asking someone to do something. Finally, Assorted Speech Acts presents a variety of speech acts, including complaining during service encounters, turning down invitations, complimenting, and responding to compliments. Finally, the book has an index designed to help teachers find activities appropriate for their students. To make this easier, the index is organized around major features, such as level of learners, type and content of activity, computer use, and nonverbal communication.

Diversity: Culture and America Essay

Beginning with the prospect of the American dream, diversity has been one of the most dominant characteristics of American society. During the nineteenth century, America was deemed a melting pot: a place where people of different ethnicities could co-exist. The idea of people being able to embrace commonalities without letting go of their culture has been the basis of the America that we live in today. This sense of collaboration, which comes with diversity, has created outlets for our citizens and opportunities for those foreign to our country. Diversity is one of the most beneficial aspects of not only America’s history, but its present and future. Diversity is what makes America unique. As said in Mirror on America by Leonard Pitts, â€Å"America is everyone else, a nation composed of other nations, a culture made of other cultures, a history built of other histories.† (Pitts, 82) Pitt’s statement clearly depicts the fact that although America is independent from other countries geographically, the integration of different ethnic groups defines American history. The acceptance of other cultures in America has not only brought over people from different countries, but also their: ideas, beliefs, and opinions. The rewards that we reap from foreign contributions are, but are not limited to, food variety, technological advances, open minded citizens and overall a more tolerant country. America is a place characterized as the land of the free; the diversity in our country is what keeps that statement relevant. Due to the effectiveness of diversity in the workplace, industries and organizations have spent an abundance of time incorporating diversity into their own companies. With the incorporation of diversity in advertisements, employees, and superior positions today’s workplace is more diverse than it has ever been. These implementations of diversity benefit companies by creating a comfortable environment for their buyers, thus stimulating the economy. Although some may argue that companies have not reached the goal of total equality, it has been said that immigrants do have a positive effect on America’s workplace. â€Å"Since the early days of the Republic, talented foreigners have streamed to our shores to till the soil, build industries, and turn the country into a scientific and technological powerhouse. They converted the U.S. into the first global nation, giving us adaptability, an intuitive feel for other cultures, and an innovative edge,† said David Gergen. ( Gergen, 93) In America, we have many immigrants who come here with the hope of becoming successful; those who strive to create a better America by working hard tend to achieve that goal. Those who are able to succeed in their endeavors have provided Americans with the adaptability that Gergen explains. Immigrants have been the brains and ideas of big named, American companies such as Intel, AT&T, Kraft, Google, Yahoo!, and eBay. To understand how immigrants make such an impact on America’s workforce and economy, one needs to think about why they come here in the first place. Immigrants leave their homelands to come to America because they think and believe that their skills will be put to the test. As also said by Gergen, â€Å"Talented foreigners are job creators, not job takers.† (Gergen, 94) Immigrants do bring new ideas and skills which can further create more, successful jobs. Based off of a June 2012 study published by the Fiscal Policy, they report that 18% of small business owners are immigrants. The same report found that among small businesses, for which at least half of the founders were immigrants, employed an estimated 4.7 million people. This diversity benefits America because it puts foreign skills and talents to the test in order to stimulate jobs as well as our economy. In conclusion, with allowing diversity to continue to be a part of America, we can encounter many things other countries cannot. We can continue to accept different people and their ideas to create new jobs and opportunities. We can also accept their opinions to allow America to grow and continue being a strong nation. Last but not least, we can give people from all around the world the â€Å"American dream.† Works Cited Gergen, David. â€Å"A Smart Exception.† Mirror on America: Essays and Images from Popular Culture. 5th ed. Ed Mims, Joan T, and Nollen, Elizabeth M. Boston: Bedford St Martin’s, 2012. 93-94. Print Pitts, Leonard Jr. â€Å"History Tells Hard Stories of Ethnic Clashes.† Mirror on America: Essays and Images from Popular Culture. 5th ed. Ed Mims, Jonas T, and Nollen, Elizabeth M. Boston, Bedford, 2012. 81-82. Print Denhart, Michael. â€Å"The U.S. Needs More Immigrants to Grow the Economy and Create Jobs.† Huffington Post 26 September 2012. Web

Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility

Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility Introduction The Apple Corporation is a multinational company that specializes in different types of electronics, among them computer software, commercial servers, phones, and also personal computers. In 2006, Foxconn, one of Apples final assembly supplier in China, faced press allegations of poor working and living conditions. As a result, Apple had inspections conducted at 11 factories. Since then, Apple has conducted supplier audits of all its suppliers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper examines Apple’s ethical and social responsibilities and their impacts on its reputation. The paper will further discuss the methods Apple can utilize to make sure its standards on wage and benefits are adhered to, determine the impacts of increased prices of goods on customer purchasing behavior, and provide an analysis o f Apple’s current marketing strategy. Apples Current Position on Ethical and Social Responsibilities In all its annual Supplier Code of Conduct reports, Apple states its ethical and social responsibilities. The latest report elaborated the company’s commitment to openness and transparency, accountability, labor, and human rights, worker empowerment, environment, health, and safety. Ethical Responsibilities Apple has a set of standards that govern its suppliers ethical conduct. The company has set standards to safeguard its workers’ health and well being by establishing safety standards to improve workplace conditions. The company also empowers its workers technically and professionally. In its responsibilities to protect its workers human rights, Apple has put measures to protect labor and human rights. In conformity to international standards on labor, the report limits a week’s work to 60 hours and voluntary overtime (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 201 3). Further, the company empowers its workers by providing free educational opportunities and training. As pertains the workplace environment, Apple strives to ensure workplace safety by improving working conditions, offering training on hazards, and working with the academic community (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2013). Social Responsibilities The company commits itself to the protection and conservation of the environment. The report states that ‘we take great care to design environmentally sound products’ (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2013, p. 25). Apple commits itself to ensure that all suppliers conserve the environment: ‘we work with suppliers to make sure they are using environmentally responsible manufacturing processes wherever those products are made’ (26).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apple has continuously be en fulfilling its ethical and social responsibilities. To maintain its progress, the company conducts audits of all its suppliers. Audit results, published in the 2013 Supplier Code of Conduct reports, indicate that the company has observed its ethics and responsibilities. Audit results conducted on all its facilities indicate that 77% of its suppliers complied with labor and human rights. In instances that suppliers did not comply with the set standards, the company safeguarded the right of the employees and demanded compensation and other necessary actions (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2013). The company has so far continued to observe its ethical and social responsibilities. This can be measured by the following examples of actions taken on suppliers who did not adhere to set standards. The elimination of child labor by Foxconn supplier. The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct (2011) recorded a decrease in child labor cases in its Foxconn supplier. The termination of its business with a facility that presented falsified payroll records and provided misleading interview answers during an auditing (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2011). Impact of the Publication on Ethics and Social Responsibility on Apple’s Reputation Although Apple has suffered press allegations and NGO criticism on its practices, it is highly ranked by its customers. The fact that, in a survey on Corporate Reputation and Social Responsibility Rankings (2010) in U.S Apple was rated six by consumers, pertains its social responsibility. Its diversity of products also made it difficult for its consumers to adapt their consumption. This character was outstanding and acted as strength to winning consumer loyalty (Yoffie Renee, 2010). A report by Students Scholars against Corporate Misbehavior found that publication of suicide in Foxconn in 2010 by various media houses and blogs did not have any effect on Apple’s revenue levels (Workers as Machines: Military Management in Foxconn, 2010, para.2). Another indication that the company’s reputation was not affected was the launch of a new product, the iPhone 4 less than four months after the publications. The product’s uniqueness and functions led to huge sales (Diaz, 2010). The launch of the new product into the market sold the masked news on the harsh living and working conditions of workers who designed the products.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple Corporation Social and Ethical Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suppliers adherence to wage and benefits standards In its commitment to safeguarding its standard on wage and benefits, the company can apply the following methods to ensure that its suppliers adhere to stated standards. Application of compliance monitoring Although an audit is conducted annually, several compliance checks would be necessary to ensure that the company’s regulations are followed. The application of announced and unannounced compliance monitoring will keep its suppliers at its toes and ensure that it complies with all stated regulations. Introduction of strict penalties Application of heavy penalties would make sure that suppliers pay their employees’ wages and benefits. Companies that do not want to be penalized would make sure that they adhere to the stated rules. In cases of gross misconduct, the company could terminate its services with the retailer completely by giving them a grace period with assurance or termination of services. No supplier would want to lose their contract. Impact of Increase in Products Price to Customers I believe that the increase in the price of products would not affect computer buying trends largely. The company has so far managed to meet the consumer demands of the public. The uniqueness and advancement of products have led to the creation of loyalty among consumers. Thus, it caters for consumer needs in the ma rket, a factor that makes it outdo other companies. With innovation, Apple can easily apply the value culture to its targeted customer. According to this culture, when customers are satisfied with a certain product, they would be willing to pay more for the perceived value of the product. As a matter of fact, with innovations, I strongly believe that the company would increase the selling price of its products to improve the remuneration of its members of staff. Apple can apply the philosophy of value culture versus cost culture. This philosophy does not necessarily consider what is thought as fair, but what is competitively achievable, and especially for goods sold at a high price and relatively lower value of products made (Sethi, 2012). Consequently, I believe that despite the competition, Apple is capable of setting new unequaled standards and price that perfectly suits its target class and at the same time generates revenue and increases the wages of its members of staff.Advert ising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apple’s Current Marketing Strategy Apple does not rely on media advertisements marketing strategy. Its greatest market strategy is based on selling value and not the price. The product itself acts as a marketing tool and work of mouth on the goodness of the product is all that markets products from Apple. Marketing strategies employed include: Branding Apple has employed the use of emotional and hopeful messages to promote consumer perceptions of its brand. The Company employs advertisements that bring out peoples’ emotions. The color and presentation of their products make people want to be connected with the company. The brand represents a lifestyle, innovation, dreams, and technology power that makes many people want to relate to Apple. Quantity versus Quality The company’s approach to quality, seen in varieties of commodities in the market, remains more quality and less in quantity. Apple’s ability to innovate and sustain varieties of its products to cater to consumer needs is seen as the ingestion of its products rise. They have different products offering almost the same services. A person would be spoilt for choice in buying an iPod, iPad, or iTunes. Innovation Through its innovativeness, Apple creates a competitive environment for its rivals. The company invests in time, packaging their products. They make sure that designing and packaging is impressive and satisfactory. This has led to the introduction of impressive products into the market that would make one not think about their prices but the quality and service. Consumer Needs Another marketing strategy employed by the company is considering customers’ needs and creating a communication to cater for their needs using innovative products. Apple combines the striking jargons for those who prefer, but they go beyond that and focus more on the beneficial outcomes than the customer. For instance, they do not just show catchphrases like ‘glass that it edge to ed ge’ retina and so on, but their presentation is more of captivating to learn not to fear. Recommendations To improve its competitive environment in the global market, Apple needs to make a more user-friendly application system. Applications that can run with its operating system can only be downloaded from an application store. This makes its users lack the choice of varieties. Its introduction would encourage the use of different applications of its products. Android, Apple’s competitor, has products that have more distribution channels, making their products more user-friendly in terms of accessing applications. The company should also strive to eradicate the anti-capitalist idea associating its products at high prices. This can be accomplished by introducing the production of cheap and quality merchandise. The achievement will cater to all groups of interests in the market. Android, a vital competitor in the market, has products retailing at from 65$ to 500$. Androi d has created a general impression in the society that the company recognizes all groups of people. As a result, it serves people from different economic capabilities. Conclusion Apple’s achievements root in their competence in innovativeness. This has led to consumer satisfaction. The company offers products that cater to the technology needs of the existing marketplace. The originality of their products also increases consumer consumption rates. Originality also makes consumers increase their confidence in the company’s quality of merchandise. References Apple Supplier Responsibility: 2011 Progress Report. (2011). Web. Apple Supplier Responsibility: 2013 Progress Report.(2013). Web. Corporate Reputation and Social Responsibility Rankings. (2010). Web. Diaz, J. (2010).â€Å"iPhone 4: The Definitive Guide.† Web. Sethi, P. (2012). Two Faces of Apple. Web. Workers as Machines: Military Management in Foxconn. Students Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. (2010) . Web. Yoffie, B. Renee, K. (2010). Apple Inc. in 2010. Web.

Collecting and Preparing a Sycamore Seed for Planting

Collecting and Preparing a Sycamore Seed for Planting The American sycamore tree flowers in spring and completes seed maturity in the fall. Ending the maturation process as early as the first of September and continuing through November, the sycamore seeds ripen and are ready for collection and preparation for planting. The fruiting head is persistent and will delay seed drop out of the fruiting ball until January through April. The best time to collect the fruiting balls or heads, usually directly off the tree, is just before they begin to break up and the hairy-tufted seeds start falling. Easier picking is after the fruiting head turns brown but waiting to just after leaf fall. Because these seed heads are persistent on limbs, collections can be made into the next spring and usually make sycamore the last fall-maturing species to be collected in the Eastern forest. The California sycamore matures much earlier and should be collected during the fall season. Collecting Sycamore Seed for Planting Picking fruit heads by hand from the tree is the most common method of collection. At the northern and western limits of the range of sycamore, intact heads can sometimes be found and collected off the ground late in the season. After collecting these fruiting bodies, the heads should be spread in single layers and dried in well-ventilated trays until they can be broken apart. These heads can look dry on collection but layering and venting are essential, especially with fruit heads that are collected early in the season. Early ripening seed can have moisture contents as high as 70%. Seeds from each head should be extracted by crushing the dried fruit heads and removing the dust and fine hairs that are attached to the individual achenes. You can easily do small batches by hand-rubbing through hardware cloth (2 to 4 wires/cm). When doing larger batches, it is advised to wear dust masks as the fine hairs that are dislodged during extraction and cleaning are a danger to respiratory systems. Preparing and Storing Sycamore Seed for Planting Seeds of all sycamore species do just fine in similar storage conditions and can be easily stored for long periods under cold, dry conditions. Tests with sycamore seed have shown that at moisture contents of from 5 to 10% and stored at temperatures of 32 to 45  °F, they are suitable for storage for up to 5 years. American sycamore and naturalized London plane-trees have no dormancy requirements and pre-germination treatments are usually not required for adequate germination. Germination rates of California sycamore do increase from moist stratification storage for 60 to 90 days at 40 F in sand, peat, or sandy loam. To maintain low seed moisture under moist storage conditions, the dried seeds must be stored in moisture-proof containers, such as polyethylene bags. The rate of germination can be easily tested on wet paper or sand or even in shallow dishes of water at a temperature of around 80 F over 14 days. Planting Sycamore Seed Sycamores are naturally sown in the spring and you should mimic those conditions. Seeds should be placed in soil no deeper than 1/8 inch with each seed about 6 to 8 inches apart for proper spacing. Small, shallow starter trays with potting soil can be used to start the new trees and adequate soil moisture must be  maintained and trays placed under indirect light. Germination will take place over approximately 15 days and a 4 seedling will develop in less than 2 months under optimal conditions. These new seedlings then need to be carefully removed and transplanted from trays to small pots. Tree nurseries in the United States typically outplant these seedlings at one year from germination as bare root seedlings. Potted trees can go for several years before re-potting or planting in the landscape.